Photovoltaic (PV) Technology is a means of generating electrical energy from the energy created by solar emissions. The basis of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is centred on a condition called the photovoltaic effect.

The solar cell  is the smallest part of any solar PV device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. What solar cells are, however, are large area semiconductor diodes. These diodes are produced by combining silicon material with various impurities, for example, often sand is a base material for semiconductor.

Solar energy can be considered a collection of light particles called photons. An occurrence of a photon stream onto solar cell results in electrons being released. On being freed, these electrons, now with higher energy levels, become a source of electrical energy. This additional energy created, once passed through a load, is released and the electrons return to their original designated position in readiness for a further cycle. This cycle of releasing and returning to the original position will remain a continual process while ever there is a flow of solar energy (photons) landing onto the surface of the solar cell.